At present, China mainly relies on manual meter reading fees, but there are many problems such as difficulty in entering the household, high expenditure on management of enterprises, and low efficiency, which cannot meet the requirements of social development. The intelligent network automatic meter reading system has become an inevitable trend. The key to automatic meter reading technology is to transform the traditional meter electricity metering, that is, the power metering and control of the traditional meter is the core of automatic meter reading. There are many ways to achieve this, such as digital meters, IC card-based meters, but many users in China still use traditional magneto-electric meters. Therefore, the modification of the meter is the primary problem. The traditional magnetoelectric meter detection uses infrared detection, photoelectric detection, etc., and then transmits it to a computer or a palmtop by wireless or infrared transmission to realize automatic meter reading.
The wireless meter reading detection system proposed here is based on the handheld wireless proximity meter reading system, detecting the number of revolutions of the energy meter, and transmitting data to the palm meter reader through the serial communication port. Thereby controlling the disconnection and power transmission.
Circuit principle
Photoelectric detection module
The photoelectric detection module accurately measures the number of revolutions of the user's meter dial. Commonly used detection methods: infrared radiation and reflection. The use of the infrared radiation method to achieve the system design is more complicated, the dial of the user's electricity meter needs to be punched. However, the infrared reflection method is simpler. Simply mark the user's dial. Therefore, the system detects the RPR220 reflective infrared recognition sensor. Somewhere in the user's meter dial is marked with dark paint. RPR220 is used to identify the non-marked area. The voltage comparator compares the output high and low level signals. When a mark is detected, the comparator outputs a high level. No light; when no mark is detected, the comparator outputs a low level and the LED emits light. Figure 1 shows the circuit principle of the photodetection section.
Figure 1 Photodetection circuit principle
Memory module module design
Because the system detection module needs to store a large amount of data and has the function of automatically saving data after power-down, the X24C45 is a serial 256-bit NOVRAM (non-volatile SRAM) composed of SRAM and EEPROM bit alignment organized in 16x16 mode. In addition, X24C45 It has the function of automatically recalling when powering up and automatically storing (Autostore) data when power is off. Therefore, the X24C45 is used for data storage. After power-on, the SRAM and EEPROM data are transferred to each other. There are no restrictions on the number of reads and writes for SRAM operations. Once the supply voltage drops below 4.3 V, the data is automatically saved from the SRAM to the EEPROM. In order to ensure that the data can be reliably stored in the EEPROM, the power supply voltage cannot be dropped too fast, and the typical time is 5 ms, which is generally satisfied in systems with capacitors. The EEPROM has a storage life of 1,000,000 times and the data can be stored for more than 100 years.
The X24C45's read and write operations are all for SRAM, so there is no limit to the number of reads and writes. The X24C45 has an 8-bit instruction register internally, which is accessed by the microcontroller via SK and DI. The CE must remain high during the entire data operation. Figure 2 shows the interface circuit of X24C45 and AT89C51 microcontroller.
Figure 2 X24C45 and microcontroller interface circuit
Editor's conclusion
The wireless handheld meter reading system is a single-chip controller, which is applied to the system with its high performance, high speed, small size, low price, stable and reliable. It solves the problems of household entry in the traditional meter reading, high cost of enterprise management, poor working conditions of the metering and charging personnel, low efficiency and high labor intensity. Automatic meter reading system is the inevitable development trend of China's meter reading industry.
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