On October 26, at the annual meeting of the China Society of Automotive Engineers, the roadmap for energy-saving and new-energy vehicles was officially released, and the blueprint for the development of China's automotive industry technology in the next 15 years was planned. Among them, the power battery technology and lightweight technology roadmap are in the main framework.
On October 31, Fang Jianhua, general manager of Guoxuan Hi-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd. told the 21st Century Business Herald: "The release of the road map is based on the industrial research of many experts, and the proposed goals are also in accordance with the requirements of new energy development. After all, the goal is not an indicator. Whether it can achieve the goal in the future depends on the development of new energy vehicles."
Other industry insiders also believe that there are still some areas where the technical route needs to be refined, such as technical development expectations, resource supply, energy-saving energy efficiency, and so on.
In fact, cruising range is one of the important considerations for consumers to choose new energy vehicles. At present, it can not fully meet the daily needs of consumers. Whether power battery technology upgrade and lightweight technology can make new breakthroughs becomes the key point.
The technical roadmap for the past five years is to achieve an average fuel consumption of 5.0 liters/100 kilometers for new passenger cars by 2020. The fuel consumption of new commercial vehicles is close to the international advanced level, and the proportion of new energy vehicle sales to total vehicle sales has reached 7%. In the first three quarters of this year, the total sales volume of automobiles was 19.36 million, and the proportion of sales of new energy vehicles to total sales was only 1.5%.
Battery energy density competition
From January to September this year, new energy vehicles produced 302,000 vehicles and sold 289,000 vehicles, an increase of 93.0% and 100.6% year-on-year. Among them, the production and sales of pure electric vehicles completed 229,000 and 216,000 respectively, an increase of 118.1% and 128.4%.
The increase in sales of new energy vehicles provides an opportunity for the development of power batteries. In 2015, due to the policy support of the central and local governments, the overall development of power battery technology was relatively fast. However, with the development of new energy vehicles and market demand, the requirements for power battery technology continue to increase, and technical upgrades have encountered many problems.
Most domestic lithium iron phosphate batteries are used, and the development and application of ternary batteries are gradually expanding. Due to the low safety of the ternary lithium battery, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology requested to suspend the inclusion of the ternary lithium battery bus in the new energy vehicle promotion catalogue in early 2016. Japan and South Korea's power lithium battery technology mainly develops a lithium battery that uses modified lanthanum manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate or lithium cobalt aluminum aluminate ternary material as the positive electrode.
Fang Jianhua stressed: "Domestic enterprises are indifferent in battery core technology. At present, the main lack of battery management system is the need for domestic enterprises to focus on development. At the same time, with the development of battery technology, domestic energy density is also required. High lithium battery transition."
According to the technical roadmap, by 2020, the power battery will meet the demand for pure electric EV applications of more than 300km. However, the current domestic power battery cannot meet this requirement.
If the electric vehicle reaches a cruising range of 500km, the energy density of the power battery system should theoretically be at least 400 wh/kg or more. However, the current domestic pure electric vehicles are widely used for the lithium battery of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganate. The specific energy of the battery is only 130 wh/kg. When combined into a battery pack, the energy density of the battery system is less than 90 wh/kg. The lower specific energy battery limits the cruising range of the electric vehicle.
Most domestic new energy vehicle companies have previously adhered to the lithium iron phosphate battery route, while the new energy vehicle companies represented by Tesla took the road of three yuan lithium battery. However, BYD is currently using ternary lithium batteries in the new energy model “Tangâ€, and more domestic new energy vehicle manufacturers including Beiqi, Jianghuai, Chery and SAIC have also entered the field of ternary lithium batteries.
According to industry experts, this does not mean that the future will be the world of ternary lithium batteries. The battery industry has always been a generation of material technology. The entire industry has not stopped mining new materials and technologies, higher energy density and safer. Performance is always the two major propositions that companies are trying to balance.
New materials determine lightweight technology
As early as 2011, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Industrial Transformation and Upgrading Investment Guide", which requires upgrading automotive lightweight technology. At this year's China Electric Vehicles 100 People's Forum, Wan Gang stressed that "lightweight" is one of the development directions of China's electric vehicles.
The newly released technology roadmap also proposes to focus on lightweight material manufacturing technologies with a focus on aluminum, magnesium alloys and carbon fiber composites. It can be seen that lightweighting is one of the measures for the realization of energy saving and emission reduction in automobiles.
At present, the battery technology of pure electric vehicles has not solved the problem of cruising range, and the effect of light weight on energy saving and emission reduction is obvious. Relevant data show that for every 10% reduction in the overall quality of the car, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 6%-8%. At the same time, for every 50% reduction in the weight of the car, the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 13%, and the car's curb weight will decrease. 100 kg, fuel consumption per 100 km can be reduced by 0.3-0.6 liters.
Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, pure electric vehicles need to use lightweight technology. The power battery system of electric vehicles usually accounts for 30%-40% of the total mass of the whole vehicle.
Compared with traditional cars, the structure of new energy vehicles is different. High-strength steel, aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy are widely used in new energy vehicles. Therefore, the lightweight technology of new energy vehicles, the weight of the entire vehicle, the endurance and the weight design need to be re-examined. Lightweight solutions need to be designed according to different models.
In response, Jiang Anning, vice chairman of Changjiang Automobile Holdings Co., Ltd., said in an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald on October 31: "Currently, Changjiang Auto is designing and developing electric vehicles. It is not a modification of existing models. Although the cost of the whole vehicle has been greatly improved, the new technology can be put into use and the safety is improved accordingly."
Technical roadmap planning, focusing on the development of magnesium alloy and carbon fiber composite technology in the long-term, to achieve a wide range of applications of carbon fiber composite body and carbon fiber parts.
Sun Liqing, an associate professor at the School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering at Beijing Institute of Technology, also said: "There is a misunderstanding now that carbon fiber materials are very expensive. In fact, the current demand is not so much. With the maturity of new energy vehicle products, production and sales will gradually increase, and the cost will also increase. It will fall."
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