In the afternoon of November 2, 2014, the Department of Science and Technology of the SARFT hosted the “Requirement for Air-Conditional Digital Television and Digital Audio Broadcasting Equipment Ventilation Meetingâ€. The Department of Science and Technology, General Academy of Science, Planning Institute and Design Institute, and Transmitter manufacturers participated in this event. Ventilation will be. The General Administration of Administration plans to have 2562 wireless stations in the country, with 2 transmitters per station, a total of 6293 transmitters, to achieve full coverage of launch stations at and above the county level.
This is the deployment of digital terrestrial digital television broadcasting stations in cities nationwide and above that have invested RMB 500 million in national finance. Once again, the state has solved the nationwide coverage of wireless digitalization of central radio and television programs with financial input. The total project funding is 4.8 billion yuan. After the project is completed, it will basically form a nationwide coverage of digital terrestrial television and digital audio broadcasting.
Regarding the content of the program, we noticed that the project clearly requires the relaying of 12 sets of programs other than 3, 5, 6 and 8 at the CCTV. At the same time, the construction of the CDR's transmission station, and the simulation of the same frequency emission. Each set sends 1 set of analog audio and 3 sets of digital audio broadcast.
In terms of implementation, the terrestrial television network basically adopts a single-frequency provincial single-frequency network, programs are transmitted via satellite, and all transmit CCTV programs; a frequency multi-frequency network can join local programs if the frequency band is free. From the perspective of the terminal, the funds are not included in the terminal. Users can purchase it on their own or in a unified manner, which means that they can be handled flexibly.
The last sentence is worth noting, which means that the primary goal of this project is to solve the national coverage problem of central broadcasting and television and, on this basis, to increase the delivery of local programs. After a simple calculation, it can be seen that considering the capacity limit of one frequency point, the broadcast television channel should be around 20 sets. The general situation in the future may be that there are four sets of local programs, plus 12 sets of CCTV channels and 4 sets of audio broadcasts. A total of 20 sets of programs can be said to meet the basic needs of radio and television.
There are several other points worth noting in this project. It refers to "program transmission via satellite" instead of the SDH method that is currently widely adopted. This will require the construction of satellite TV ground receiving front-end facilities. In addition, it is also clearly stated that “program encoding methods use AVS+ coding and encrypted transmissionâ€, and space segment encryption is easy to understand, but whether or not the ground segment is encrypted and broadcast is not clear. It should be pointed out that the General Administration of Administration has repeatedly emphasized the commonweal nature of terrestrial digital television and strictly prohibits encrypted broadcast. This time it is not clearly pointed out that it is worth pondering.
Why did you launch this project?
Public Service Equalization Proposition
The 18th Third Plenary Session clearly stated that it is necessary to build a modern public cultural service system, establish a coordination mechanism for the construction of public cultural service systems, coordinate the construction of service facilities networks, and promote the standardization and equalization of basic public cultural services.
The so-called "move above, hands-on", after all levels of government and departments have emphasized this issue on multiple occasions, public cultural services have become the focus of the solution. As an important part of public cultural services, even the chief component of radio and television, the responsibility is even more decisive.
The objective reality is that the vast number of remote villages provide 3, 40 programs through villages and villages, and households pass through Cable television. Most of them have already solved the difficulty of watching TV.
The remaining 20% ​​of the "sandwich layer" has neither satellite nor cable, but only a few sets of channels simulated by the ground. The voice of the party and the government does not spread. The market strategy of IPTV and OTT determines that it will not aim at solving the equalization of public services, and it is more of a icing on the cake.
All release of broadcast star ratings will have an impact on the entire broadcasting industry. This is not a matter of protection or protection of the cable. This is an issue of sustainable development of the industry. It is said that the Directorate of Administration has begun to consider the possibility of closing the star stream clearing to solve the problem. The underground pot runs rampant, which provides the basis for commercial operation, which determines that it is not feasible to rely solely on direct broadcast stars to solve the remaining 20% ​​of the population coverage.
First, because of the cost of coverage, coverage in some urban and rural areas has not been 100%. Second, the cable itself is already market-oriented. Enterprises must aim for profit. How effective is this public coverage? Isolating users and price systems are all problems. Therefore, cable cannot be the main means of covering this 20% of the population.
The reality is that the live star will not attack the city, but will go to the countryside instead of the countryside. From the perspectives of politics, economy, and industry, terrestrial digital television has assumed the responsibility of achieving "equalization of public cultural services." This is the biggest political and policy background for this project.
Terrestrial TV Planning Proposition
The "Development Plan for Coverage Network of Terrestrial Digital Television Broadcasting" issued by the State Administration of Radio, Films and Television in 2012 clearly stated that by 2020, a nationwide terrestrial digital television broadcasting coverage network should be basically established, providing the first and seventh sets of CCTV and the first set of local TV programs in the province. The goal of the first TV program. And put forward three steps. In 2013-2015, it will strive to broadcast terrestrial digital TV in high-definition and standard-definition modes in cities at or above the county level in China. Before the end of 2018, terrestrial television in prefecture-level (or above) cities will complete the digital transition. By the end of 2020, the digitalization of terrestrial television will be fully completed. Transition.
This is almost 2015. The CMMB is also half dead. It has to do with work. The 48 billion coverage project of the General Administration of Administration is said to be scheduled for the duration of 2 years. The actual plan is also completed before the end of 2015. .
In fact, this terrestrial digital TV program is closely related to the allocation of wireless spectrum. Lenovo last year disputed 700MHz between radio and television and telecommunications. This time, terrestrial digital television has also begun to consider the acceleration of cable TV.
AVS Industrialization Proposition
The industrialization of AVS+ is the biggest driving force. From 2013 onwards, we obviously feel that AVS is accelerating its efforts to change the situation in the past. In March 2014, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the “Guidance for the Implementation of Advanced Video Coding (AVS+) Technology for Broadcasting and Television Applicationsâ€, in accordance with the principle of “prompting, smooth transition, incremental priority, and taking into account existing stocksâ€. The principle has clarified the classification and steps to advance the timetable for the application of AVS+ in satellite, cable, terrestrial digital TV, Internet TV and IPTV. According to the plan, starting from July 1, 2014, AVS+ will be fully rolled out in the field of high-definition broadcasting in China. Judging from the current momentum, several new CCTV channels have been forced to adopt AVS+ encoding on the satellite. The National Star HD channel has also used AVS+ on the satellite (mostly dual-mode), and some AVS+ codecs have been deployed on the cable. Receiver for receiving HD channels. Because satellites and cable have historically been used for AVS+, even in some areas, it is unrealistic to move to AVS+ in the short term. At this time, the ground just started is undoubtedly the biggest opportunity for the largest AVS+. In fact, apart from the previous projects, the recently launched terrestrial digital TV projects use AVS+. By this time, the industry chain of AVS+ will mature quickly. To put it another way, if this opportunity is not captured by AVS, its fate will not be different from that of WAP in the future.
Impact on the television industry
The pressure faced by the cable industry
This terrestrial digital TV is more attractive to price-sensitive customers and TV users with low demand for TV. The price of a terrestrial wireless set-top box is less than 200, and it can be watched for free thereafter. It is particularly necessary to point out that according to the Implementation Opinions of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the General Administration of Administration on Popularizing Digital Terrestrial Television Receivers, all digital TVs in China will be forcibly installed on the ground national standard and AVS dual module since 2015. TVs, even 200 yuan to buy a set-top box are not out, you can watch about 20 sets of programs, which will further deteriorate the competitive environment of cable TV.
It is also necessary to point out that the possibility of terrestrial digital television industry operation. As long as the documents are not stated explicitly, this possibility cannot be ruled out. CCTV's 12 channels, where more than 10 channels are put in place, are not destructive. This problem has occurred in a province in the central part of the country. It was not a small disturbance. First, you wrote a protest letter. Later, I took a banner protest. Both alarmed the standing committee of the province. Finally, there was a special article to deal with this issue. In fact, the two sides were right in this matter. It was not clearly defined from the very beginning.
Actually, the channels provided by the village and household outlets are numerous, and they are all outside the city. Ground wireless is a real impact on the cable. Some groups with only basic television needs and the urban-rural combination group have the greatest impact.
Another impact on the cable industry is the possibility of suspension. Since the number of cable television modems in 2003, if the whole revolution has been basically completed, some places have forced the simulation to be closed, which has caused some dissatisfied users who do not want to turn around. The General Administration of China specifically stated in the "Circular of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television on Further Strengthening and Regulating the Digitization of CATV" in 2007 that "in areas where the overall transformation of cable television is implemented, at least 6 analog channels must be reserved for the broadcast of central, provincial, and local TV stations. The main program is for users who do not have set-top boxes to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of cable TV users." This is still based on the user's basic television viewing needs. However, this provision is more general, meaning that as long as one user is still watching analog TV, the local analog signal must not be turned off, which objectively increases the transmission cost of the Internet company. According to the requirements of the Digitized Turnover of the General Administration of Administration, 2015 is the last time node, and this problem will become even more prominent.
Since the 12 sets of CCTV programs provided by digital terrestrial television nowadays plus several local programs have exceeded the requirements of the original “Wired D/A simulcast, maintaining 6 sets of analog channelsâ€, it is possible for these few people to pass through. Digital TV on the ground to watch television, analog cable directly close the frequency point, this will not only reduce the cost of network companies due to the dual-mode broadcast to increase the cost, but also can solve the current tension situation. However, this is only logically set up, and the specific follow-up policy must follow.
The impact on satellite television
The mission of the direct-viewing Star Village Communications, which is located in remote areas, has basically come to an end. The main target of Hutuotong is “a region with unrecognized cable†and is being promoted by the provincial government. However, this household contains CCTV3/5/6/8, which is also free to watch and has caused a lot of controversy.
The names of the village and village households are public cultural services. If terrestrial digital television is established, is it that the mission of the direct broadcast star is to leave the historical stage? According to sources, the broadcast star has been exploring the way of commercial operation. Qingliu is considering closing. Local channels in each province may be broadcast locally, and high-value value-added services may also be made.
If this is the case, then in the future, the broadcast star will be industrialized like the cable, and the ground will be devoted to the basic popularization of public culture. This is possible. We know that Hututongtong has been promoting the dual mode of "satellite + ground". This way of promotion can satisfy both public cultural services and commercial operations.
But this brings another problem, that is, the underground pot, when the cottage manufacturers also have a satellite + ground dual-mode box? Content provided in this way, except for a small number of sports enthusiasts, most users can meet. The closure of the clear stream will have a decisive influence on the underground pot.
With the diversification of terrestrial television subjects, and even without the main body, the operating entities of the direct broadcast stars are relatively easy to operate in a unified manner. If this is the case, when the live star will enter the city will become a very sensitive, yet predictable topic.
Here we can insert a sentence, the construction of terrestrial digital TV will not have a direct impact on the current view of IPTV/OTT, because the IPTV target group does not have much overlap with the target group that terrestrial digital TV should cover. As for OTT, we do not know whether it will adopt the "ground + IP" approach to partially solve the bottleneck of the live broadcast channel. This remains to be seen.
Wired and wireless development
To achieve equalization and standardization of public services, the implication is that no matter what kind of transmission channel, it is necessary to satisfy basic public cultural services. This point is beyond doubt from the perspective of the entire political situation.
But what are the boundaries and boundaries of public cultural services? Who will provide public cultural services? Whoever pays for public cultural services needs top-level design protection. The direct impact of this arrival is that with regard to cable TV viewing fees, the free viewing of villages and villages and the communication of households has caused the cable to sit on the crater of public opinion. If terrestrial digital television providing 20 programs is also free of charge, it is still directly oriented. For urban users, this will be another wave of impact on the cable.
If it is all the government’s main demand for broadcasting and television as a public cultural service, will it be a matter of days when cable TV will be free (running financial bills) or buying cable television services (B2C will become B2B? The case has already appeared in Shaanxi. The second case has also appeared in Beijing. Will it become mainstream in the future?
Let the more mobile and difficult people see the voice of the party and the government they heard, and the issue of equalizing public cultural services cannot be delayed. The current wired and wireless dilemma is due to lack of top-level design, unclear positioning, unclear goals, repeated construction and waste of resources between broadcast and television channels in the network, terminals, etc., and public cultural services in the development of the industry. Uncomfortable. Industry and business, in fact, are not antagonistic to each other. They are mutually reinforcing and closely related.
For example, under the definition of equalization and standardization of public cultural services for broadcasting and television, is it possible to set up an integrated cable and wireless satellite industry group around the country to co-ordinate local radio and television? Is it possible to set up a "corporate" satellite TV group and have both sides freely compete under the same resources and constraints? These are propositions that can be explored.
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