Recently, the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance Industry Research Institute (CSA Research) released the 2016 LED Industry Quarterly Analysis Report, which comprehensively analyzes the first quarter of the 2016 LED industry from four aspects: policy, technology, industry and market. Development. According to CSA Research, after the market consolidation and the differential adjustment of various enterprises in the previous two years, the overall downstream has maintained growth, and display and automotive lighting applications have become the highlights of growth.
Although the performance of the display field in 2015 has declined from 2014, it is still the most outstanding segment. The annual report shows that the overall operating profit margin of the display panel is 12.3%, which is twice that of the middle and upstream sectors, and is also significantly higher than that of the lighting sector, and basically no loss-making enterprises, indicating that compared with other links and fields, the display size of enterprises survives. better.
In fact, with the maturity of small-pitch display technology, LED display technology not only occupies the traditional outdoor screen, but also begins to penetrate into the indoor display field. The emerging VR technology is emerging, and the prospect of LED micro-displays as part of its hardware industry is also optimistic in the industry.
According to the annual report, the operating profit margin of LED midstream companies has dropped from 11.1% in 2014 to 7.8% in 2015. Except for Changfang Group and Guangyu Electronics, the operating profit margins of other midstream companies have declined to varying degrees. As the LED industry gradually matures from the growth stage, the performance of the midstream declines, mainly in several aspects:
1) Competition has intensified and the price of device products has fallen. According to CSA Research, in the past six months (September 2015 to March 2016), the price of mainstream white light chips has dropped by more than 20%, and the import and export prices of LED devices have also dropped by 29% in the past year.
2) The structural overcapacity of production capacity, the growth rate of backlight and lighting demand are slowing down. Affected by this, Nisshin Group, SKC lighTIng, Samsung, LG and other companies have adopted the strategy of contracting LED business in the past two years. According to Gartner data, the global smartphone market growth rate is expected to be only 3.3% in 2015, and the growth rate of tablet terminal products shipments is negative. As a result, some of the backlight device companies' profits have declined significantly.
3) The integration of mergers and acquisitions is normalized, the polarization is intensified, and the transformation of various enterprises is busy. After the large number of M&A companies, such as Changfang Lighting, Wanrun Technology, and Guoxing Optoelectronics, the report performance improved. At the same time, Mulinsen, Guoxing Optoelectronics, and Changfang Lighting are also accelerating vertical integration, actively deploying chips and lighting. With the decline in profit margins, many companies turned to the new “Gao Li†market. Guoxing launched UV, infrared, and automotive series LEDs, Wanrun and Shida to transform digital marketing, and Jufei developed optical films. Mulinsen continued to focus on To reduce costs and increase the market share of products.
4) Since the second half of 2015, the penetration speed of OLED in the TV hand and machine market has obviously accelerated, which will impact the CSP launched by many enterprises, and the uncertainty of the future will be enhanced. According to AVC data, global OLED organic TV shipments will continue to rise sharply in 2015-2018, and will increase from 400,000 units to 1.3 million units in 2016 alone. The performance of the Chinese market is particularly outstanding, with a continuous growth rate of 400% in both 2016 and 2017.
TFT LCD screens are characterized by good development, high screen, strong sense of layering, and bright colors, but there are also relatively power consumption and low cost. TFT screen technology legendary the development of mobile phone color screens. Many of them support 65536 color displays, and even have 160,000 color displays. With a very high screen TFT, the visual advantage is important.
Technical characteristics
TFT technology was developed in the 1990s. It uses new materials and new processes for fine semiconductor all-electronic manufacturing technology. It is the basis of liquid crystal (LC), inorganic and organic thin-film electroluminescence (EL and OEL) flat panel displays. It is a variety of films made on non-single materials such as glass or plastic products (of course also on the surface) through methods and chemical reaction forming processes, and a large number of micro-integrated circuits (LSIC) are produced through the processing of the films. Non-single crystal crystals can achieve cost reduction, which is an extension of traditional small integration to large area, function, and direction. Manufacturing TFTs that control the switching performance of pixels (LC or OLED) on large glass or plastic products has a higher technical content than manufacturing complete ICs on silicon wafers. The required production equipment and production technology surpass the production of large-scale integration of semiconductors, which is the luster of modern technology. The main features are:
(1) Large area: The first generation of large-area glass products (300mm×400mm) TFT-LCD-production line was put into production at the beginning of the nineties, and the area of eye glass has been expanded to 60mm×80mm in 2000), as well as 950mm×1200mm glass The design will also run.
(2) High integration: The size of the 1.3-inch TFT chip used for the projection of liquid crystal is one million for GA. The resolution is SXGA (1280×100×1280×1000×1280×1000×1280×1000×16.1 inch TFT screen amorphous film) 50nm, and TAB ON GLASS and SYSTEM ON GLASS technology, its IC integration, The technical requirements for equipment and supplier technology are more difficult than traditional LSI.
(3) Powerful function: TFT as a matrix selection solution provides the light valve characteristics of liquid crystal. TFT-LCD is the first Liquid Crystal Display in human history whose display quality exceeds that of CRT. The function will be more powerful, which is unmatched by traditional small integrated circuits.
(4) Design: Glass products and plastic products have fundamentally solved the problem of large semiconductors and opened up potential applications for the application of small semiconductors.
(5) Ingenious process: In addition to the use of vapor phase, chemical vapor deposition (chemical vapor deposition) MCVD (molecular chemical vapor deposition) and other processes to form films, laser flame technology has also begun to be applied traditionally, not only making amorphous films, polycrystalline films, but also Single crystal films can be manufactured. Can make silicon film, can also make other II-VI group and III-V group semiconductor thin film.
(6) Wide range of application fields. Liquid crystal display based on TFT technology is a rich industry in the information society, and the technology can also be applied to the rapid growth of thin-film organic electroluminescence (TFT-OLED) flat panel Display Screen shots. .
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