Human-machine interface refers to the field in which people and machines contact or interact with each other in information exchange and function, or the interface between the human and the machine, information exchange, functional contact or mutual influence, referring to the hard contact and soft touch of people and machines. This joint surface includes not only the direct contact of the dotted line surface, but also the space for the long-distance information transmission and control. The human-machine interface is a central part of the human-machine system. It is mainly studied and proposed by the sub-discipline safety ergonomics of safety engineering, and has passed safety engineering equipment engineering, safety management engineering and safety system. Engineering to study specific solutions and measures to measure safety ergonomics. It transforms between the internal form of information and the form that humans can accept. There are human-machine interfaces in all fields of human-computer information exchange. It is widely used in industry and commerce. It is simply divided into "Input" and "Output". Input refers to the operation of machinery or equipment by people, such as handles, switches, doors, commands. (Command) release or maintenance, etc., and output refers to notifications from machinery or equipment, such as faults, warnings, operating instructions, etc. Good human-machine interface will help users to be simpler, more correct, and more The rapid operation of the machine can also maximize the performance of the machine and prolong its service life. The human-machine interface on the market is narrowly defined in the user-friendly operating interface of the software.
1. User-centered basic design principles
In the design process of the system, the designer must grasp the characteristics of the user and discover the needs of the user. In the entire development process of the system, we must constantly seek the opinions of users and consult with users. The design decision of the system must be combined with the user's work and application environment, and the user's requirements for the system must be understood. The best way to do this is to involve real users in development so that developers can understand the user's needs and goals correctly and the system will be more successful.
2, the principle of order
That is, according to the sequence of processing events, access viewing order (such as from the whole to the single item, from large to small, from the upper layer to the lower layer, etc.) and the control process flow, etc., the design monitoring management and man-machine dialogue main interface and its secondary interface are designed.
3, the principle of function
That is, according to the specific application requirements of the target application environment and occasions, various subsystem control types, parallel processing requirements of the same interface of different management objects, and simultaneous requirements of multiple dialogue interactions, etc., design sub-functions to distinguish multi-level menus, hierarchical prompts The human-computer interaction interface such as the information and the multiple dialog columns, so that the user can easily distinguish and grasp the usage rules and characteristics of the interactive interface, and improve the friendliness and ease of operation.
4, the principle of consistency
Consistent color consistency, consistent operating area, and consistent text. That is, on the one hand, the interface color, shape, and font are consistent with national, international, or industry common standards. On the other hand, the interface color, shape, and font are self-contained, and the colors of different devices and their identical design states should be consistent. The consistency of the interface details and the aesthetic design makes the operator feel comfortable when looking at the interface, thus not distracting him. For new operators, or operators who deal with problems in an emergency, consistency can also reduce their operational errors.
5, frequency principle
That is to say, according to the frequency of the interactive interaction frequency of the management object, the hierarchical order of the human-machine interface and the display position of the dialog window, and the display position of the dialog window are improved, and the frequency of monitoring and accessing the dialogue is improved.
6, the principle of importance
That is, according to the importance and global level of the management object in the control system, the position and the highlight of the main menu and the dialogue window of the man-machine interface are designed, thereby helping the management personnel to grasp the master and the control system and implement the control. The order of decisions to achieve optimal scheduling and management.
7, object-oriented principles
That is, according to the identity characteristics of the operators and the nature of the work, design a human-machine interface that is compatible and friendly. According to the needs of its work, it is advisable to display prompts, guidance and help information in a pop-up window to improve the level of user interaction and efficiency.
The human-computer interaction interface, whether it is for the field controller or the upper-level monitoring management, is closely related to each other. The objects they monitor and manage are the same, so many field device parameters are shared between them. And pass each other. The standardized design of the human-machine interface should be the future development direction, because it does reflect the easy-to-follow, simple and practical basic principles, and fully expresses the people-oriented design concept. Various industrial control configuration software and programming tools provide powerful support means for making beautiful human-computer interaction interface. The bigger and more complex the system, the better its superiority.
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