At the "2018 IMT-2020 (5G) Summit" held recently, Wu Hequan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, stated that 5G will redefine the new application of information technology and promote the integration of mobile and fixed-line technologies. Optical fiber communication technology will be in the 5G era Play a bigger role. He believes that WDM-PON will play a major role in 5G fiber fronthaul and midhaul systems.
"The dense networking of 5G base stations requires a large number of optical fibers. The fronthaul, midstream and backhaul of 5G wireless access networks require high bandwidth and low latency for optical fiber transmission systems." Wu Hequan believes, "WDM-PON is in 5G optical fiber The fronthaul and midhaul systems will play a major role. The improved delay-sensitive network TSN based on Ethernet can achieve statistical multiplexing of base station user data streams and increase the transmission rate. "
"CPRI is currently the de facto standard for point-to-point fronthaul interfaces of macro base stations. It transmits modulated wireless signals at a fixed rate that is independent of the actual user service in TDM mode. In the case of massive MIMO, the required bandwidth is too high and it is not flexible. Considering the scenarios of large-scale MIMO, carrier aggregation, multi-band applications, multi-scale cellular coexistence, and concentration on virtual RAN, IEEE 1914.1 is defining the Ethernet-based fronthaul interface NGFI (Next Generation Fronthaul Interface). Wu Hequan pointed out, "NGFI uses Ethernet to encapsulate the CPRI signal, but it needs to resolve the uncertainty of packet communication and inaccurate time synchronization." Therefore, technologies such as TSN and ROE need to be adopted.
Wu Hequan believes that the 5G MIMO layer is usually not all independent. The antenna channel can be used to improve the wireless channel throughput. At the same time, the throughput of the air interface changes with the actual situation of the wireless channel. The TDM method is inefficient. The 5G fronthaul bandwidth is high, the air interface delay and time synchronization accuracy are ten times stricter than 4G, and network slice support must also be considered.
"If 5G adopts Ethernet's statistical multiplexing mechanism, it can dynamically adapt to traffic conditions and aggregate the services of multiple base stations, but traditional Ethernet has narrow bandwidth, low efficiency, and poor real-time performance." Wu Hequan said that TSN retains Ethernet statistics New features have been added for reuse features.
Use standard Ethernet components, improve the data link layer protocol, and provide preemption functions for high-priority frames according to the QOS level; TSN inherits many features of the existing Ethernet, such as HTTP interface and Web services, to achieve the needs of the IIoT system Remote diagnosis, visualization and repair functions; can span multiple layers of communication, can achieve the integration of OT and IT, and provide high reliability and low latency services in industry, Internet of Vehicles, and 5G; TSN can use the standard Ethernet chip set Mass production of commercial chips, thereby reducing the cost of components.
Wu Hequan further stated, "5G uses TSN to provide the next-generation fronthaul interface (NGFI) to achieve RoE, and the use of grouping allows the fronthaul interface to work as a multipoint to multipoint connection. ROE can respond to changes in load and adapt to bandwidth, allowing traffic to the interface Decoupled from the number of antennas, supporting deterministic service flow scheduling, packet encapsulation and wireless domain synchronization. "
In addition, Wu Hequan believes that with the substantial increase of 5G sites, the fronthaul / midhaul fiber optic resources from the antenna to the computer room will be very tight. It is necessary to save fiber resources and achieve low-cost deployment of 5G networks. Among multiple options such as direct fiber connection, active DWDM, WDM-PON, and OTN, WDM-PON is more suitable for 5G RAN.
WDM-PON is a point-to-multipoint technology that saves fiber; for each connection, WDM-PON is logically point-to-point, and can exclusively enjoy a wavelength with a bandwidth of up to 25Gbps; WDM-PON is passive and There is only one hop, which has the lowest delay compared to the multi-hop of the ring network; replacing the optical splitter with a demultiplexer can reduce the loss and obtain a longer transmission distance; in network management, the AMCC signal topping technology is adopted, and the management channel is superimposed on On each wavelength.
Finally, Wu Hequan emphasized that the standardization of 5G is still in progress, there are still many challenges that have not been solved, and the innovation of 5G is always on the road.
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