The 19th Party Congress report starts from the overall development of the party and the country’s undertakings, depicts the grand blueprint of building a modern socialist modern country in a new era, and has made a major strategic judgment that China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage. Under the historical orientation of the new era, accelerating the building of a manufacturing powerhouse is not only an important support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country, but also the key to enhancing China's economic quality advantage in a high quality development stage. How should we understand the manufacturing industry and how to speed up the construction of a powerful manufacturing country? On this issue, we conducted an interview with Comrade Miao.
Reporter: Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era and has opened up a new journey for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. Manufacturing has always been the main battlefield of China’s socialist modernization. Please tell us what kind of new mission China's manufacturing industry shoulders under the historical orientation of the new era.
Miao Wei: Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. This is a new historical orientation for China’s development. The party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core stands at the height of history and times and has made a series of major strategic judgments. It has determined the goals and tasks of winning the battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and opening up a new journey for the building of a socialist modernization country. In the face of new requirements and new targets for the new era, the tasks undertaken by the manufacturing industry are arduous, highly responsible and glorious.
Manufacturing industry is the dominant force in achieving industrialization and modernization, and it is also a manifestation of the country’s overall strength and international competitiveness. From a global perspective, developed countries are often referred to as industrialized countries, indicating that modernization and industrialization are inseparable.
After the international financial crisis, developed countries refocused on the real economy and implemented the "reindustrialization" strategy, strengthening the forward-looking layout of advanced manufacturing industries, accelerating deployment in emerging areas such as artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing and new materials, and seeking to occupy the global industry. The height of the competitive strategy. On the other hand, in some developing countries, the process of modernization was seriously hindered by the failure to adhere to the development of manufacturing industries in the middle and late stages of industrialization. These experiences and lessons have shown that manufacturing is always the foundation of economic and social development in a country and a region.
Since the reform and opening up, China’s manufacturing industry has continued to develop rapidly for decades. It has built a complete, independent and complete manufacturing system with the largest scale in the world. Its ability to innovate has continued to increase, supporting our country’s achievement from a backward and backward agricultural country. The transformation of economic power with global influence.
In the new era, to achieve the goal of building a strong socialist modern country, development is still the foundation and key to solving all problems. Manufacturing industry is the main body of the real economy, the main battlefield of technological innovation, and an important area of ​​structural reform on the supply side.
The significance of manufacturing industry for economic and social development is not only reflected in how much economic value is directly created, but also in the bearing of innovation activities and high-end factors, the leading role in the optimization of economic structure, and the transformation of quality and efficiency in the development of the national economy. The long-term driving role of the power reform. In the high-quality development stage, the manufacturing industry must take innovation-driven development as the fundamental path and strive to achieve the transition from quantity expansion to quality improvement.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized many times that industry is the foundation of our founding, and that only industrialism can make the country strong.
With the simultaneous advancement of new-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and modernization of agriculture, the demand for equipment upgrades in various industries, the demand of the people for the quality and safety of consumer goods, and the demand for equipment support from national defense construction require more advanced and powerful Manufacturing support. To create a manufacturing industry that is internationally competitive is the only way to improve China’s overall national strength, safeguard national security, and build a strong world. In the new historical period when socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, we must unswervingly develop the manufacturing industry, solidly promote the building of a manufacturing power, and make new achievements in realizing the "two hundred years" goal and the Chinese dream of a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The greater contribution.
Reporter: Since the party's 18th National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has seized the historic opportunity of a profound adjustment of the world structure after the international financial crisis, proposed the strategy of creating a powerful nation and formulated the “Made in China 2025â€. The in-depth implementation of "Made in China 2025" will surely have a profound impact on China's socialist modernization in a new era. Please talk about the implementation of "Made in China 2025" and the main results achieved so far.
Miao Miao: The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core takes a global vision and a strategic vision, and based on the overall situation of ruling the country, puts forward the strategy of implementing a powerful manufacturing country. As the action plan for the first decade of the strategy for building a strong country, "Made in China 2025" has defined the "three steps" strategic goal. Since the implementation of the implementation in 2015, all work has achieved positive results, and the construction of a powerful country has taken a substantial step forward. pace.
First, new progress has been made in the cultivation of new kinetic energy in the manufacturing industry.
In-depth development of the manufacturing innovation system, and positive developments in the construction of national and provincial manufacturing innovation centers. Continuing to implement industrial strength-based projects, a number of "cocktail" problems have been resolved. The pilot demonstration of smart manufacturing was implemented, and the pace of intelligentization of key products and equipment was significantly accelerated. Green manufacturing was widely carried out, and the energy consumption level and pollution emission intensity of key industries continued to decline. High-end equipment innovation and development, a number of iconic results continue to emerge.
Second, new achievements have been made in the upgrading of traditional industries.
High-tech industries and traditional industries are not completely separated. Traditional industries can also be transformed into high-tech industries after transformation and upgrading. Through the improvement of technical reforms and upgrading policies and measures, the proportion of industrial technology and advanced production capacity of enterprises has been continuously improved. In the past two years, technical reform investment accounted for more than 40% of industrial investment. The use of comprehensive standards to promote compliance with regulations in order to promote the withdrawal of backward production capacity has achieved remarkable results. In the past two years, it has solved over 115 million tons of excess steel production capacity. The production capacity of “Dong Strip†has fully cleared, and a large excess of electrolytic aluminum, cement, and flat glass production capacity has also been resolved. .
Third, the integration of manufacturing and information technology has taken a new stage.
The State Council successively issued the Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Integration of Manufacturing Industry and the Internet, the Guidelines for Deepening the Internet + Advanced Manufacturing Industry and the Guidance concerning the Development of Industrial Internet. Through policy guidance and efforts of all parties, Internet technology has been widely used. Integration into R&D, production and other aspects of manufacturing companies, a number of industrial Internet platforms oriented to industries and subdivided areas were accelerated, and the construction of the “double-invented†platform for manufacturing was accelerated.
Fourth, there has been a new improvement in the development environment of the manufacturing industry.
The “1+X†planning system and supporting policies for “Made in China 2025†were prepared and published. Local governments also formulated implementation plans and action outlines in light of actual conditions, and basically formed a manufacturing policy system that involved horizontal linkage, vertical integration, and coordinated cooperation among all parties. . We will make overall plans for regional distribution, and formulate and publish the “Guidelines for Making 2025 Provinces and Cities Made in China†to promote a new pattern of differentiated development. In response to the cost burden plaguing businesses, a number of cost reduction and efficiency enhancement measures have been introduced to enable companies to move lightly and improve their competitiveness.
Reporter: The 19th CPC National Congress proposed that to build a modern economic system, we must focus our efforts on the development of the economy in the real economy, make the improvement of the quality of the supply system the main direction of attack, and significantly enhance China's economic quality advantage. Manufacturing industry is the main body of the real economy. What are the major problems and challenges faced by the improvement of the development quality of China's manufacturing industry? How do you see these problems and challenges?
Miao Wei: In recent years, structural imbalances in the supply and demand of China's manufacturing industry have become more prominent. There is a shortage of supply at the low end and there is a shortage of high-end supply. While there are serious overcapacity in some industries, a large number of key equipment, core technologies, and high-end products cannot meet demand. This has become the main contradiction that affects the development of the manufacturing industry, and it reflects the deep-seated problems of the development of China's manufacturing industry.
Mainly in:
First, the overall innovation capability is weak, the innovation system based on enterprises is still not perfect, and the issues of R&D and industrialization of industrial generic technologies are prominent.
Second, the basic supporting capacity is insufficient, and basic capabilities such as advanced technology, technical standards, and intellectual property protection are weak. Key materials and core components become bottlenecks, which seriously restricts the integration capability of the complete machine and the system;
Thirdly, the reliability of product quality in some areas needs to be improved. It is highlighted in terms of product reliability, stability, and consistency.
Fourth, the brand construction is lagging behind, the product quality is not high, and there is a lack of brands and leading companies with international influence.
Despite these difficulties and challenges, the long-term good fundamentals of China's manufacturing industry have not changed, and the transformation and development of manufacturing industries have broad space.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the key to improving the quality and efficiency of development is to speed up the transformation of economic development methods and adjust the economic structure. It is necessary to base itself on the long-term perspective and advance supply-side structural reforms to explore new growth drivers and development paths.
We must comply with these directives, strengthen our strategies, strengthen our development confidence, accelerate the strategic transformation of the manufacturing industry from quantitative expansion to quality improvement, promote the transformation of Chinese manufacturing to China, change the speed of China to China, and transfer Chinese products to China. Brand change.
Reporter: At present, the development of the world economy is ushering in a new technological revolution and new industrial changes. What impact will this have on the development of China's manufacturing industry?
Miao Wei: Throughout the history of the world, every industrial revolution has drastically changed the global competitive landscape while pushing forward the soaring productivity of the society and the great progress of human civilization.
As pointed out by General Secretary Xi Jinping, whoever seized the opportunity of the technological revolution will take the initiative in development in their own hands.
Since modern times, due to historical reasons, China has repeatedly missed the industrial revolution and missed an opportunity for development. At present, the world is ushering in a new round of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial changes. This round of changes was born under the background of economic globalization, and its speed, breadth and depth are unprecedented. Some major disruptive technological innovations are creating new industries and new formats. Information technology, biotechnology, manufacturing technology, new material technologies, and new energy technologies have infiltrated into various fields, spurring major group technologies that are characterized by greenness, intelligence, and integration. change. Among them, the fusion and innovation of next-generation information and communications technologies and manufacturing technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality continue to deepen, bringing a revolutionary impact on manufacturing production methods, organizational management forms, and development models.
After a long period of accumulation, China’s overall capabilities in science and technology continue to increase. Some important fields are among the best in the world. Some of the frontiers have begun to enter the parallel and lead stage. They are undergoing a quantum leap from accumulation to quality, and breakthroughs in point have improved system capabilities. Important period. In particular, the rapid development of information and communication technologies, the accelerated growth of China's digital economy, the continuous expansion of the field of integration, not only provide fertile ground for the bred emerging industries, but also provides a new impetus for the traditional industry efficiency improvement and structural optimization. More importantly, China has formed a complete industrial system and a solid manufacturing base, has a huge domestic market for absorbing new technologies, and has the industrial infrastructure conditions and broad demand space to seize this opportunity for technological revolution and industrial change. We will make full use of various favorable conditions to speed up the transformation of old and new kinetic energy, consolidate and develop the existing advantages of China's manufacturing industry, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industries, accelerate the transition to the high-end of the global value chain, and create new advantages in international competition.
Reporter: As you mentioned before, the development of China's manufacturing industry is facing many difficulties. What do you think are the crux of these problems? What is the focus of the reform in the future?
Miao Miao: At present, many problems that restrict the development of China's manufacturing industry, the main sticking point is still an obstacle to the institutional mechanism. The key to solving these deep-seated development problems is to deepen institutional and structural reforms. The core is to handle the relationship between the government and the market. While giving play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, the government should play a better role in remedying market failures, optimizing industrial structure, maintaining industrial safety, and promoting fair competition.
The first is to create a fair and orderly market environment.
It is necessary to continue to increase the power of the government by focusing on the key links in the key areas, so that it can be put and put in place and managed effectively. We will implement the main corporate investment status, improve the system of market access negative listings, and ensure that all types of market players participate in market competition in accordance with the law. We will improve the post-event supervision system in the event, and adopt new and innovative modes of supervision and prudence in new technologies and new formats to further stimulate market vitality and social creativity. Establish and improve the market-based exit mechanism for survival of the fittest and win the elimination of the fittest, effectively guarantee the closure or bankruptcy of enterprises in accordance with the law, expedite the disposal of inefficient and inefficient assets, and optimize the allocation of resources.
The second is to actively promote the reform of factor markets.
To speed up the pace of the market-oriented reform of production factors, all markets that can generate prices from the market will be handed over to the market. The government will not engage in improper intervention. We will deepen the market-oriented reform of interest rates and exchange rates, further improve the multi-level capital market, vigorously develop industrial chain financing, encourage and guide financial innovations that serve the manufacturing industry, and enhance the economic capabilities of financial service entities. Actively nurture new key resources, clear up the institutional obstacles that restrict the free flow of talents, technology, and data, and give full play to the market mechanism to amplify the multiplier effect of social productivity. In particular, in conjunction with the big data strategy, the Bank formulated data-related rights, openness, circulation, and transaction-related systems in accordance with the principles of open data and market leadership, broke information barriers, promoted information sharing, and built a digital economy with data as a key element.
The third is to focus on improving areas and links in which innovation is weak.
It is necessary to further increase support in promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, protection of intellectual property rights, and expanding market space for new technologies and new products, so as to create an institutional environment conducive to innovation. The focus is to optimize the government's role and role in innovation support. For example, through the establishment of the China Manufacturing 2025 Industrial Development Fund, focusing on the basic, strategic, and pioneering areas of manufacturing, and using fiscal funds as the guide, it will stimulate social capital investment. For another example, aiming at the lack of common industrial technologies, we have promoted the construction of manufacturing innovation centers, and established the organizational structure of “company + allianceâ€, “small core + large cooperation†based on the principle of marketization, combining technology and capital, and knowledge. We have made useful attempts in the sharing of property rights and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and achieved initial results. In the future, we can make more efforts on the institutional mechanism in light of the situation.
Reporter: It is a long way to go to promote the construction of a powerful country. In conjunction with the strategic deployment of the Party's report to the Nineteenth Congress, please tell us about the major measures China will take to promote the building of a powerful nation in the coming period.
Miao Wei: Manufacturing a strong country is a long-term process. To build a “three-step†strategic goal for building a strong country is not only a timetable for supporting the construction of a socialist modernized country, but also a mission statement. At present and for a period to come, we must firmly implement the new development concept, adhere to quality first, give priority to efficiency, take supply-side structural reform as the main line, and improve the quality of the supply system as the main direction. We must implement “Made in China 2025†and promote manufacturing. Develop quality changes, efficiency changes, and power changes.
To promote innovation.
Innovation is the primary driving force for development, and it is a strategic support for the construction of a modern economic system. It is necessary to accelerate the establishment of a national manufacturing innovation system and establish a number of high-level manufacturing innovation centers. Prominent application of traction to promote upstream and downstream industry synergy. The company continued to promote technological transformation and upgrading, comprehensively upgrade the level of product technology, process equipment, energy efficiency and environmental protection, and achieved a breakthrough in the key areas to the high-end group.
To be strong foundation.
The foundation of solid manufacturing is not only related to the quality of a country's manufacturing, but also determines the potential of manufacturing development. It is necessary to continue to promote industrial-based projects and break through the basic bottlenecks in the development of key areas. It is necessary to regard quality brands as the lifeline for the construction of a powerful nation, continue to carry out quality improvement actions, increase variety, improve quality, create brands, and accelerate the enhancement of the value connotation and international reputation of Chinese manufacturing.
To promote integration.
To build new competitive advantages in the industry, we must do a good job of integrating the informatization and industrialization. It is necessary to grasp the main direction of smart manufacturing and support enterprises to accelerate digital, network, and intelligent transformation. It is necessary to promote the development of the industrial Internet and actively nurture new manufacturing methods, such as personalized customization based on the Internet, on-line value-added services, shared manufacturing, and crowdsourcing design, to cultivate new economic growth points.
To grasp the demonstration.
The “Made in China 2025†national demonstration area is an important starting point for promoting the full planning of the project. It is necessary to create a high standard, make dynamic management, and explore new paths and models for manufacturing transformation and upgrading. To better integrate the construction of the demonstration area with the cultivation of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters, a number of highly influential collaborative highlands and world-leading manufacturing clusters with outstanding advantages will be formed.
To educate people.
Talent is the key to building a strong country. It is necessary to guide the development of advanced manufacturing industries to speed up the training and introduction of a group of professional and technical personnel, management and management personnel, high-skilled personnel, and leading talents, and actively explore new modes of personnel training for integration of production and education. It is necessary to constantly improve institutional measures for cultivating entrepreneurial spirit, model spirit, and craftsmanship, and to create a glorious labor social fashion and an ethos of excellence.
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