This article will introduce the basics of capacitors.
Circuit
Let me talk about circuits and capacitors first.
The circuit is the road, the electric charge is the car. If you compare a circuit to a road, the movement of the electric charge is like a traffic flow.
When the impedance is a rugged road, the speed of the car will slow down, but it will still advance toward the destination. In the circuit, the impedance generates heat and energy consumption (joules) occurs.
The power supply (battery) is a device that is loaded with a potential difference. The power supply is connected to the E[V] potential difference at both ends. This is the same reason that the car uses the elevator to automatically move to a position high at t[m].
So what is a capacitor?
Then let's talk about the situation when the power supply is installed with a capacitor.
Capacitors are parking lot capacitors that can store charge. Capacitors are like parking lots when comparing circuits to roads. The positive and negative ends of the circuit must store the same amount of charge.
Capacitance has the ability to store charge. The standard for how much charge a capacitor can store is called the capacitance value. The capacitance value is shown by equation (1).
As is clear from the formula (1), the area of ​​the one electrode S is enlarged, and the distance between the two electrodes is shortened. 3 A material having a high electric induction rate can be used to increase the capacitance.
The unit of capacitance is F (Fara) of the SI unit system. When a voltage of 1 V (potential difference) is given to a conductor and a charge of 1 C (Coulomb) is stored, the capacitance value is 1 F.
The charge stored in the working capacitor of the capacitor flows to the load current when the switch S1 is OFF and S2 is ON.
According to the state of the capacitor, the stable lamp emits light when the power supply voltage is unstable.
The capacitor blocks the direct current, and only the alternating current capacitor can not pass the direct current. If the charging and discharging are repeated, the charging current and the discharging current will be repeatedly flowed in the capacitor.
This phenomenon can observe whether the current flows through the capacitor through the appearance of the capacitor.
Due to these characteristics, a large number of capacitors are used in the circuit.
With its use, it is necessary to choose the most suitable product.
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