1 person-dysfunction
In recent years, although we have begun to understand the core position of people in the manufacturing system, there is no specific research on how to deal with the relationship between man and machine in the system.
This paper proposes to use the idea of ​​"agent" to achieve human-machine coordination, apply agent technology and methods to the human-machine interface, and design an agent-based human-machine interface model in the decision support system. The agent interface is used to implement human and machine. It is a trinity model with other equipment, and gives the workflow of the system.
2 Intelligent human-machine interface technology to achieve human-machine coordination
Weiner, the founder of cybernetics, pointed out long ago: "When we use rational machines, we should show greater reason and talent before using these machines." In complex industrial systems, the rational division of labor, collaboration, and integration of humans and machines is the key to effectively implement the integration and optimization of intelligent management systems.
2.1 Human-machine integration
In the manufacturing environment, the core role of man is irreplaceable. On the issue of man-machine relations in manufacturing intelligent management automation systems, the initial idea was to emphasize a high degree of automation, but the various problems arising in research and application practice have made people gradually realize the importance of appropriate automation, and then proposed "human parts" (Humanware) has the same importance as "software" and "hardware". In 1990, when studying the science of thinking, Qian Xuesen proposed "Meta-synthetic Engineering" (Meta-synthetic Engineering), which implies the irreplaceable role of human in integrated systems.
Academician Lu Yongxiang proposed the "human-machine integrated system", the core content of which is to emphasize the importance of humans in the system. Human-machine collaborative perception, thinking and execution realize the overall synthesis of humans and machines (Metasynthesis), emphasizing humans in the loop The importance of realizing human-machine coupling through hypermedia to achieve the best human-machine synergy.
Human and machine are two systems with significant differences. To achieve the organic combination of the two and achieve the goal of optimal collaboration, we must first understand their respective characteristics, and then seek to realize the human through the combination of hypermedia, such as intelligent human-machine interface Machine integration system.
2.2 Intelligent Human Machine Interface
The "Human-Machine Coordination" pointed out by Professor Tu Xuyan means: In the Man-Machine System composed of humans and automated machines, humans and machines conduct human-machine friendly communication through the multimedia intelligent interface (MulTImedia IntelligenT Interface). On the basis of reasonable division of labor, human-machine collaborative work is carried out to realize "Intelligence Integration" of human-machine, promote "Intelligence Co-growing" of human-machine, and achieve "Man-Machine Harmonization". In order to achieve human-machine coordination, a reasonable division of labor between humans and machines must be achieved in the system design, and a multimedia human-machine intelligent interface should be provided in the implementation, so that human-machine friendly interaction can be carried out during the operation of the system, and human-machine intelligent integration can be achieved. , Man-machine cooperation. With the support of multi-library collaborative software, it is possible to design and implement a visual multimedia human-machine intelligent interface for the intelligent management system, and establish an intelligent management system for human-machine coordination.
Requirements for human-machine coordination with the help of intelligent human-machine interfaces:
(1) To realize the idea of ​​human-machine collaboration, we must give full play to the characteristics of humans and machines, aim at optimal cooperation, and use a human-machine interface that can understand both human thinking and behavior and machine behavior. The establishment of a flexible coupling relationship between man and machine is a feasible way of organically integrating two things with essential differences.
(2) The unique cognitive and behavioral characteristics of human beings determine that the sight of the human-machine interface should be designed as "agents" created by humans based on their own characteristics and empirical knowledge and having some important human consciousness attributes and behavioral characteristics. This "agent" resides in the human-machine interface system.
(3) "Agents" need to have the ability to adapt to different people's cognitive and behavioral characteristics, which is based on a full understanding of human's cognitive and behavioral characteristics. Therefore, the intermediate is essentially a knowledge system.
(4) Let “agents†act as a bridge for communication of information, knowledge, and emotions between humans and machines. There is no need to build a superhuman intelligent machine (practice has proved that the path of blindly pursuing intelligent machines has been difficult), and it has avoided The direct contact between man and machine is blunt. This is a kind of intelligent human-machine super-media.
3 Characteristics and structure of Agent
Agent (Agent) is a good tool to achieve the above "agent".
Agent stands for anthropomorphic intelligent entity and has human-like characteristics and functions, such as:
(1) Autonomy. Agent has the ability to make decisions autonomously and independently according to its beliefs, desires and intentions.
(2) Initiative. Agents can anticipate changes in the environment and act proactively according to their goals and needs.
(3) Sensibility. Agent has the ability to perceive, recognize and understand the environment or other intellectual bodies.
(4) Reactivity. Agent can input stimulus information and output reaction behavior, can receive instructions and perform tasks.
(5) Mobility. Agent has mobility, flexibility and adaptability, can move freely in its survival environment, and realize some remote operations.
(6) Sociality. Various Agents can communicate, negotiate, collaborate and coordinate with each other. Several Agents can form an Agent team or Agent society.
In order to express the characteristics and functions of the agent, the model of the agent can be given by a six-element data set. as follows:
A = {Au, Ac, Se, Re, Mo, So} (1) Where: A—Agent; Au—self-discipline; Ac—active; Se—perceived; Re—reactive; Mo—mobility; So -As a anthropomorphic intelligent entity, the structure of the intellectual body should be similar to human.
The general structure of the intellectual body is shown in Figure 1. In the figure, the intellectual body includes the following three single elements:
(1) Decision Maker. The decision generator with self-discipline Au and initiative Ac outputs instructions to the effector according to the information input by its beliefs, desires, intentions and receptors.
(2) Sensor. Sensors with sensitive performance receive input stimulus information from the external environment or other Agents, and provide processed information to the decision generator.
(3) Effector (Actuator). The effector with reaction performance receives the instructions of the decision generator and generates output actions to act on the external environment or other agents.
Agent-based architecture can be designed and implemented using software, hardware, or "soft-hard" methods and techniques.
4 Agent-based human-machine interface implementation model in decision support system
The decision support system emphasizes human-computer interaction in the decision-making process.It requires a user-friendly human-computer interaction system more than ordinary software systems.
Human-machine interface, Agent can act as a bridge for user and machine information communication, forming an effective way for human-machine to stimulate each other, complement each other, and seek problems together, thus forming a distributed network-based coexistence environment.
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