In the past, oscilloscopes were difficult to use for EMI debugging because they did not have the sensitivity needed to capture EMI emissions signals, and FFT spectrum analysis was not powerful enough and complex to use.
Figure 1: R RTO digital oscilloscope – low noise front end and advanced FFT analysis capabilities make it a powerful EMI debug tool
The emergence of R&S's RTO digital oscilloscope has completely changed the situation. It has 1mV/div sensitivity in the 4GHz range and has very low intrinsic noise, making it an ideal tool for capturing and analyzing EMI radiation using near-field probes. Based on EMC conformance test results, the oscilloscope is an ideal laboratory tool to quickly understand harmful emissions and identify these sources of radiation.
This article uses several specific examples to illustrate which oscilloscope functions are key to successful EMI debugging.
FFT analysis based on the operating philosophy of spectrum analyzerThe Fast Fourier Transform ATI (FFT) is the key to EMI debugging using an oscilloscope. In an oscilloscope, the traditional FFT implementation has minimal operational flexibility because the frequency band and bandwidth resolution of the display is controlled by the time domain setting. This makes it difficult to navigate in the frequency domain, and spectrum analysis is time consuming.
With his extensive experience in spectrum analysis, Rohde & Schwarz decided to introduce an intuitive approach to R RTO oscilloscopes. R RTO's FFT operation concept is based on the spectrum analyzer principle, which allows the user to directly control typical analyzer parameters such as start and stop frequencies, bandwidth resolution, and detector type. R RTO intelligently uses its powerful signal processing capabilities and deep acquisition memory to automatically handle the necessary time domain settings. Users can set time parameters and frequency parameters independently within certain limits, and easily analyze EMI radiation in the time domain and frequency domain, so users can find harmful radiation sources more quickly.
Figure 2: Similar to a spectrum analyzer – the FFT user interface of the R RTO digital oscilloscope
The spectrum display effect of different colors makes the burst radiation easy to identifyOverlap FFT is a unique feature of R RTO that provides high sensitivity EMI radiation capture. The FFT also makes it possible to see spectral radiation over time. The oscilloscope divides the captured signal into a number of segments before FFT processing, and then calculates a separate spectrum of each time domain signal so that even a burst of low energy signals in the individual spectrum can be seen. These spectra are then distinguished by different colors according to the probability of occurrence and combined into a complete spectrum. Constant radiation (such as the radiation of a clock signal) is displayed in a different color than a rare event such as a spike from a switching power supply. The entire spectrum of different color distinctions comprehensively describes the type and probability of occurrence of EMI radiation.
Figure 3: The overlapping FFT algorithm splits the recorded signal into segments before the FFT operation. This ensures a highly sensitive capture of sudden EMI radiation. Different individual spectra are distinguished by different colors according to the probability of occurrence
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