Urban traffic problems have become one of the biggest issues facing modern society, especially urban society. Intelligent transportation systems are considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the worsening urban traffic problems.
Intelligent transportation systems are an integral part of the development of the transportation industry. Traffic informatization has been paid more and more attention. Over the years, many people and funds have been invested in the development of intelligent transportation systems at home and abroad. China's intelligent transportation system has also achieved certain results, including advanced traffic management systems and advanced The development of public transportation systems in China has matured. The intelligent transportation system plays an irreplaceable role in alleviating the traffic pressure in the current large and medium cities.
First, the status quo of intelligent transportation developmentIntelligent Transportation System ITS is a high-tech application research focused on human, material and financial resources in various countries. Japan, the United States, and Europe are the three major research centers in the world. In the 1970s, Japan first studied the comprehensive control system of automobile traffic, and it was the earliest research institute of intelligent transportation system. The practicality of ITS covered the whole country and invested 4 million car navigation devices, of which 1.2 million can receive information. Established a comprehensive system for traffic control and information services, and became the country with the highest degree of practicality.
In the United States, the intelligent transportation system was launched relatively late. In 1991, the United States invested in ITS. Since investing in research funds, more than 100 research projects were established in 4 years, and a special ITS research and development organization was established. In 1997, the United States ITS invested $700 million. A year later, the then president signed the "TransportaTIon Equity Act of the 21th Century" bill, which brought more investment in the research and development of the US road transportation system. .
The government has allocated more than $200 billion in six financial years, and quite a few of them have been further developed by ITS. Europe has adopted an integrated approach to the study of intelligent transportation systems, in which ITS research is jointly funded by governments, companies and individuals. The well-known ITS project includes the DRIVE project, which is currently the largest research cooperation program in the world, including twelve. The country, involving more than 700 companies, has a total investment of 500 million euros.
Research on intelligent transportation systems in developed countries Many countries have invested huge resources. After the aerospace and military fields, ITS has become the most high-tech application area. China has developed relatively late in the field of intelligent transportation systems research, and it began to focus on research projects in the 1980s. Various developed cities have introduced advanced traffic control and monitoring systems from abroad, and the state has also increased its efforts to conduct independent research and development on intelligent transportation systems. For example, the SUATS system developed by Shanghai Jiaotong University and the local traffic police team, the HT-UTCS real-time adaptive urban traffic control system developed by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Planning Commission. In 1998, the Ministry of Communications set up the ISO/TC204 China Committee, which is conducting research on the framework of the intelligent transportation system standard system. In order to realize the smooth control of urban traffic, it has been promoted to hundreds of cities across the country.
ITS (Intelligent TransportaTIonSystem) is a kind of integrated information technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, electronic control technology and computer processing technology that are integrated into the entire transportation management system. Real-time, accurate and efficient integrated transportation and management system that works in a wide range and in all directions. The early concept of ITS was proposed by the United States in the 1960s. In the mid-1980s, Japan, the European Union and other countries also promoted research in this area, and invested a lot of manpower and resources for development.
ITS technology research is of great significance to the development of the national economy. It can reduce urban traffic accidents, reduce traffic congestion and congestion, reduce growing urban pollution, reduce transportation costs, increase employment, and accelerate operations in the commercial sector. According to expert research, using intelligent transportation technology to improve road management level, only 50% - 80% of traffic accidents are reduced each year, the death toll can be reduced by more than 30%, traffic congestion is reduced by 20%, and fuel consumption can be reduced by 30% and reduced by 10%. Exhaust gas emissions, and can provide vehicle use efficiency of more than 50%. At the same time, through the research, development and popularization of the system, it will trigger and create new high-tech industries, create a large number of new employment opportunities, and will have a positive impact on all aspects of social and economic development.
Second, the significance of the construction of intelligent transportation systemTransportation plays an important role in economic development and is the pillar industry of the national economy. However, traffic congestion has caused huge waste and environmental pollution, which is a common problem for everyone. Due to the speed limit of road traffic and traffic congestion, the slow speed of the car will increase the exhaust emissions, polluting the environment, causing the air quality to decline, and also causing economic losses. In order to make use of existing resources and make transportation the most effective, it is necessary to increase the research and development of intelligent transportation systems. Compared with other advantages, the road transportation system has the advantages of directness, mobility and speed, and has become the main way of short-distance transportation between cities. Highway intelligent transportation projects need to address the utilization of transportation equipment and reduce traffic failures. Comprehensive use of computer, communication, intelligent control, GPS and GIS technology, applied to the development of China's highway transportation industry, accelerate infrastructure construction, and improve the ability of the transportation system.
With the increasing attention paid by local governments to the construction of intelligent transportation systems, the intelligent traffic management of some cities has reached a high level. ETC charging, parking resource guidance, road information release, road condition information push and other services based on intelligent transportation systems have been basically realized. In the future, China's intelligent transportation will present six major development trends!
1. Dynamic perception and real-time monitoring of information acquisition.
With the deep application of the new generation of information technology, the state perception of traffic infrastructure, traffic flow and environment will be more dynamic and real-time, which is the basis for supporting the development of intelligent transportation.
2. Information services that are ubiquitous and on demand.
Intelligent transportation provides information services in all corners of the transportation industry, and can provide personalized and diversified information services anytime, anywhere according to the needs of travellers and different value orientations such as time, cost, comfort and low carbon.
3. Proactive early warning and fast response security.
Through the roadway coordination, ship-shore communication, etc., the active early warning of the dangerous situation and the rapid response of the event are realized, providing a safer and more reliable traffic environment for the traffic participants.
4. Transportation system for information sharing and business collaboration.
Through the intelligent transportation system of information sharing and business collaboration, the optimal allocation of transportation channels, hubs, transportation modes and other resources is promoted, and the seamless connection and zero transfer between transportation modes are promoted.
5. Green environmental protection and sustainable development concept.
As an important technical means, intelligent transportation will provide support for energy conservation and emission reduction in transportation.
6. Innovation-driven and market-led development models.
In the future, intelligent transportation will connect the transportation participants such as infrastructure, vehicles, travellers and service providers through the information network and the value chain. The traffic information will be free among the various stakeholders according to the principle of market guidance and value drive. Mobile, and will create new application service models to promote the formation and development of intelligent transportation industrialization.
Although there is a certain distance from developed countries, the development of China's transportation is still steadily. The city's passenger transport and freight transportation and its turnover have been greatly improved, various modes of transportation have emerged, and transportation technology and equipment have been improved, which has provided quality while completing transportation. Highway transportation is in transportation. The main part, and the market transition from selling to buyers. For China to develop an intelligent transportation system, some work needs to be done:
1. Do a good job in the development of ITS, especially the research work on the basic theory of ITS. At present, the international ITS theory is still not perfect, and it is still in a period of development. We should actively strengthen exchanges with more advanced countries in ITS, combine the characteristics of China with the existing development level of international ITS, conduct in-depth and meticulous theoretical research, and approach or as soon as possible. Meet the world level to meet the challenges of the development of ITS in the 21st century. Otherwise, it will become a follower of other countries and become a promotion test ground for their immature technology.
2. Establish an ITS coordination organization. China's transportation system is still in a state of fragmentation. The railways, highways, civil aviation, public security, construction and other departments are managed separately. Now they have developed their own ITS momentum, which will cause huge waste of Chinese resources. To this end, an "ITS China" organization led by the relevant departments, scholars, enterprises and research departments should be established as soon as possible, similar to ITSAmerica in the US, VERTIS in Japan and ERTICO in Europe, to unify the development of China's ITS. Strategies, objectives, principles and standards, in particular the development of technical specifications and overall development plans for ITS, the versatility, compatibility and interchangeability of ITS technologies and products, and the strengthening of government macro-control to reduce conflicts of local interests and Waste of limited funds.
3. Focus on the cultivation of talents. With the further development of ITS, the transportation in the 21st century will undergo major changes, and correspondingly, the demand for professionals at different levels is very different from the past. Therefore, the transportation fields of domestic universities and research institutes should be strengthened. Foreign ITS exchanges and cooperation, sending personnel to study and train, go out, please come in, integrate the latest ITS technology into the teaching content and scientific research of transportation, and meet the challenges of the new century with high-quality ITS talents.
4. Problems that urgently need to be solved. As a developing country with insufficient funds, the appropriate entry points for ITS individual projects should be selected according to the existing conditions in China, such as the standardization of ITS technology and its products - the urban traffic management system in ITS, and the advanced public transportation operation system; Vehicle control and safety system t advanced logistics management system. From a national perspective, due to factors such as China's productivity distribution, resource distribution, and economic development level, transportation has obvious regional imbalances, that is, development of certain regions (such as the eastern and southeastern regions), especially metropolitan areas. There is already a potential market need for developing smart transportation in the vicinity of transportation.
In short, with the development of social economy, modern highway traffic has become one of the important signs of social development. It has also brought many problems while providing convenience to people's lives. The high-speed development of intelligent transportation system is to solve these problems. Effective means. The application of computer vision technology has injected new vitality into the development of intelligent transportation system. Traffic detection and information collection in intelligent transportation system has become an important topic in the application of computer vision technology, while automatic detection, recognition and tracking of sports vehicles It is the most basic part of it.
After more than 10 years of development, China's intelligent transportation system has gradually established its own standard system from scratch, from small to large, researched and developed scientific research results with independent intellectual property rights, and carried out experimental demonstrations through demonstration cities. However, due to the traditional management system and concepts, the further development of intelligent transportation still lacks the constraints of unified deployment and coordination, low efficiency of results transformation, and lack of talents. It should establish a unified management organization and vigorously integrate industry resources. Improve the current mechanism by strengthening personnel training and providing a platform for the transformation of results.
At present, China's intelligent transportation development is still in its infancy, but it is certain that in the next few years, countries around the world, including China, will pay more attention to the research and promotion of intelligent transportation technology, and regard it as the future transportation construction and development. Priority areas are given priority support. China should give full play to its advantages and actively explore development models to provide a strong guarantee for the healthy development of the transportation industry in the new technology field of intelligent transportation.
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