In a variety of vehicles, the use of modules and devices equipped with a variety of RF interfaces is increasing. Because these modules must meet stringent reliability requirements, reproducible measurements must be available for adjustment and final testing. Thanks to highly effective shielding and rigorous design, Rohde & Schwarz's new RF test chamber equipment ensures immunity to interference during testing of automotive modules with RF interfaces. It supports a wide range of standards including ISM, GSM, CDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth.
Currently, automotive consumers expect to purchase sophisticated, reliable, and most importantly secure, communication and infotainment systems. The challenge for current and future automakers is to create reliable test methods to ensure the quality of these systems. As the life cycle of products becomes shorter and the in-vehicle electronic devices become more and more complex, designers need faster and more flexible solutions in order to meet the challenges of rapid product launch. Rohde & Schwarz equipment and systems provide excellent measurement accuracy and measurement speed to meet these requirements.
Figure 1: Rohde & Schwarz RF test system for tire pressure sensors.
Wireless module in the carIn recent years, the number of in-vehicle modules equipped with RF interfaces has grown rapidly. Common applications include: door remote keyless entry (RKE) systems with anti-theft protection, transmitters for opening the trunk or controlling the auxiliary heating system. In general, these modules work in the ISM band that does not require authorization. There is also a huge demand for GPS navigation systems in the market. More and more GSM modules are also entering the automotive front-loading market. One goal is to improve the quality of mobile radio applications; another goal is to improve the quality of wireless audio communications, where the Bluetooth interface is used to make calls and receive audio signals in passengers.
Some newer applications include tire pressure monitoring systems for securing cars and trucks, as well as DVB-T receivers for reliable TV reception. In some cases, diagnostic systems with RF interfaces have been installed in vehicle repair centers and emergency support centers. Other applications include sensors for monitoring engine compartment temperature, pressure and speed parameters.
In the near future, we are expected to see RF interfaces based on WiMAX and other standards being used for high data rate mobile reception. Radio communication systems that help prevent collisions between vehicles are also under development. In all of these examples, a radio frequency interface is required. Depending on the specific requirements, these interfaces operate in different frequency bands and need to be optimized to support different data rates and security standards.
Figure 2: Block diagram of the RF test system of Figure 1.
These technologies are highly dependent on the reliable performance of the RF interface. In a safety-related system, working flawlessly can be described as life-and-death.
At the beginning of production, these modules must generally be inspected and adjusted to ensure compliance with applicable wireless standards. To be able to cope with extreme environmental conditions, the interface must be thoroughly tested after final installation. Here, it is necessary to test the effects of large changes in temperature and anti-vibration performance.
In order to obtain reproducible results for RF interface testing, it is critical to ensure that external interference does not affect the test. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that other nearby devices and test systems are not affected by this test. The only way to meet these requirements is to use an RF bay with suitable shielding (Figure 2). The chamber can also be filled with absorbing materials to attenuate the reflection of high frequency electromagnetic waves and ensure stable, reproducible measurements. Absorbing materials are also effective in audio applications by reducing internal reflections and ambient noise.
Rohde & Schwarz has a strong presence in RF technology and is currently expanding its line of tested manual RF test fixtures to a new line of RF test chambers.
RF test cabin product line R&S TS712xThe R&S TS712x series of new RF test chambers are designed for automated production lines, featuring long service life, rugged design and automatic opening and closing of the RF compartment. It has high shielding effectiveness in the 300MHz to 6GHz range. The test chamber is suitable for testing modules with RF interfaces that comply with various standards, including: ISM, GSM, CDMA, UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth and WiMAX. .
The product family has two basic models, the difference being the width. In order to meet different needs, each model has an automatic and manual version. The narrow model is the R&S TS7121, which is only 155mm wide and is designed to test smaller devices such as RFID modules, wireless sensors and receivers, RKE and smaller Bluetooth modules.
The R&S TS7123 instrument has a 330mm wide handle for dual DIN slot automotive electronics testing and is therefore ideal for automotive testing. This model is suitable for testing automotive radios, navigation systems and infotainment systems. The wider RF compartment provides more room to integrate subsystems that create special environmental conditions, and the pressure chamber for TPMS pressure sensor testing is a good example. By combining the two compartments, the RF interface can be tested and the tire pressure sensor can be checked for proper operation over a wide range of typical pressure conditions.
Table 1: Application of various wireless standards in the automotive industry.
The automation industry requires its suppliers to perform a wide range of tests, including archiving test results. Only an automated test system such as the R&S TS7180 equipped with an RF test chamber can meet the requirements.
The pressure chamber simulates the tire pressure inside the RF test chamber. A waveform generator motivates the tire pressure sensor to transmit data (ID number, pressure and temperature) with a 125 kHz LF data telegram. The RF data telegram is picked up by the ISM antenna in the test chamber and demodulated in the spectrum analyzer. Its system software can evaluate this information and give GO/NoGo information.
Automotive RF test chambers are primarily used for production testing. The manual version is specifically designed for maintenance work, quality assurance, research and development. Thanks to the same design of the automatic and manual RF test chambers, the same measurement conditions are ensured for development, production and service work. These RF test chambers can be used to quickly implement a variety of applications if combined with a suitable antenna. They provide an optimized solution for situations where the rapid reorganization of the production process is critical. Ensuring superior quality of the final products is a decisive advantage in future competition.
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