As the name suggests, thin-film batteries are made into a solar cell, which uses very little silicon and is easier to reduce costs. It is both a high-efficiency energy product and a new building material that is more easily integrated with the building. Under the background of the continuous shortage of silicon raw materials in the international market, thin-film solar cells have become a new trend and new hot spot in the development of the international photovoltaic market. At present, there are mainly three types of thin film batteries that can be industrially mass-produced: silicon-based thin film solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar cells (CIGS), and cadmium telluride thin film solar cells (CdTe).
The principle of power generation of thin-film batteries is similar to that of crystalline silicon. When sunlight is irradiated onto a battery, the battery absorbs light energy to generate photo-generated electron-hole pairs. Under the action of an electric field built in the battery, photogenerated electrons and holes are separated, and hole drifts. On the P side, the electrons drift to the N side to form a photogenerated electromotive force, and when the external circuit is turned on, a current is generated.
Thin film battery characteristics
1. Less power loss under the same shielding area (good power generation in low light conditions)
2. The power lost under the same illumination is less than that of the wafer solar cell.
3, there is a better power temperature coefficient
4, better optical transmission
5. Higher cumulative power generation
6, only a small amount of silicon raw materials
7, no internal circuit short circuit problem (online has been built in series battery manufacturing)
8, thinner than the wafer solar cell
9, material supply care
10, can be integrated with building materials (BIPV)
Thin film battery advantages:(1) Low cost, according to Photon's forecast, is expected to drop to US$2.08/w by 2012; the average price of thin-film batteries is expected to fall from US$2.65/w to US$1.11/w, which is superior to crystalline silicon; The relevant thin film battery manufacturers' forecasts are more optimistic. EPV estimates that the cost of thin-film components will be significantly lower than US$1/w by 2011; Oerlikon estimates that the cost of components for GW-class power plants in 2011 will be reduced to US$0.7/w. Mainly due to the increase in conversion rate and scale.
(2) good low light
(3) Photovoltaic power generation modules (BIPV) suitable for construction, flexible thin film solar cells with stainless steel and polymer substrates are suitable for building roofs, etc., and are made into different light transmittances as needed instead of glass curtain walls.
Thin film battery disadvantages:
(1) Low efficiency, single crystal silicon solar cells, monomer efficiency is 14%-17% (AMO), and flexible matrix amorphous silicon solar cell modules (about 1000 square centimeters) have an efficiency of 10-12%, and still exist A certain gap.
(2) The stability is poor, and its instability is concentrated in the fact that its energy conversion efficiency changes with the extension of the irradiation time, and is not stabilized until hundreds or thousands of hours. This problem has affected the application of such low-cost solar cells to some extent.
(3) The solar cell area required for the same output power is increased. Compared with the crystalline silicon battery, the battery area per watt is increased by about double, which limits its application in the case of limited installation space and illumination area.
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